In this lesson, students build two circuits and explore how transistors function. When Bell Labs introduced the transistor in June of 1948, a spokesman proudly announced "This cylindrical object . . .

Transistors are tiny electronic components that act as switches and amplifiers, and they dwell at the heart of modern technology. In simple terms, a transistor can turn a flow of electricity on or off ...

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The transistor, in contrast, was tiny and made of a solid crystal material, with no filament needed. The first electronic devices that could be called supercomputers used vacuum tubes, but they were ...