The PAL family continued to evolve into the late 1980s, with faster, lower-power devices, including ones that could be reprogrammed. The most complex device type developed was probably the PAL22V10, ...

Programmable logic has come a long way from the simple devices we started out with. Remember Programmable Array Logic, or PALs? In bipolar technology the ICC on even a small PAL was over 100mA, and ...

Members can download this article in PDF format. For market growth to occur at desired levels, suppliers must meet consumer demand for compact electronic devices that integrate multiple functions. To ...

Configurable logic blocks (CLBs) house the logic for the FPGA. Typically, these CLBs contain enough logic to create a small state machine. A CLB normally contains RAM to create arbitrary combinatorial ...

Programmable logic devices have claimed their place in the hobbyist world, with more and more projects showing up that feature either a CPLD or their bigger sibling, the FPGA. That place is rightfully ...

Ladder logic uses switch or relay contacts to implement Boolean expressions. In years past, ladder logic was made possible with discrete relays and was sometimes termed “relay logic.” Today most ...

After one of my engineers told me that she had found a typo in her hardware, I thought just how far design has come in the last 30 years and more. Back then, the analog section of a system consisted ...