Members can download this article in PDF format. The security of cryptographic applications critically relies on symmetric keys and private keys that are continually kept secret. The method used to ...

Last year was a bad year for the Secure Hash Algorithm. This year has been worse. A key technology used in digitally signing documents and programs, the Secure Hash Algorithm, or SHA, is used by U.S.

The need for security in electronic communications is crucial in today's world. The foundation for providing this security rests on mathematics. In particular, a certain kind of mathematical function ...

Members can download this article in PDF format. In the last two articles, we covered the basic concepts and two basic types of cryptography. In this article, we will look at specific implementation ...

Hashing is a one-way cryptographic function while encryption is designed to work both ways. Encryption algorithms take input and a secret key and generate a random looking output called a ciphertext.