“One of the basic axioms of the rational theory of decision under uncertainty is Savage’s (1954) sure-thing principle (STP).

During the fourth quarter of 2025, the Massif Capital Real Assets Strategy advanced 9.6% net of fees, lifting full-year ...

By operating in the gray zone, states preserve escalation optionality, avoid reputation-locking commitments, and retain the ability to shift posture without incurring sudden political or strategic ...

Background Annually, 4% of the global population undergoes non-cardiac surgery, with 30% of those patients having at least ...

The risk of a new round of Israeli strikes against Iran is shaped less by a discrete ‘decision’ than by an unstable ...

Mathematicians rely on numbers, but finding words to explain different levels of certainty has stymied everyone from the ...

Explore the binomial tree model's use in option pricing, its workings, and examples. Learn how this model estimates intrinsic ...

Discover how Markov chains predict real systems, from Ulam and von Neumann’s Monte Carlo to PageRank, so you can grasp ...

Explore conditionality, its role in international aid, loan agreements, and public welfare, and understand its various types, applications, and potential criticisms.

Neuroscience examines the structure and function of the human brain and nervous system. Neuroscientists use cellular and molecular biology, anatomy and physiology, human behavior and cognition, and ...