More than 100 reference examples and their corresponding in-text citations are presented in the seventh edition Publication Manual. Examples of the most common works that writers cite are provided on …

APA Style provides guidelines to help writers determine the appropriate level of citation and how to avoid plagiarism and self-plagiarism.

APA Style guidelines encourage writers to fully disclose essential information and allow readers to dispense with minor distractions, such as inconsistencies or omissions in punctuation, capitalization, …

Title Page Setup Paper Format Headings In-Text Citations Tables and figures All Topics

Avoid both undercitation and overcitation. Undercitation can lead to plagiarism and/or self-plagiarism. Overcitation can be distracting and is unnecessary. For example, it is considered overcitation to …

Both paraphrases and quotations require citations. The following are guidelines to follow when writing in-text citations: Ensure that the spelling of author names and the publication dates in reference list …

References provide the information necessary for readers to identify and retrieve each work cited in the text. Consistency in reference formatting allows readers to focus on the content of your reference list, …

Parenthetical citation: (Joly et al., 2008) Narrative citation: Joly et al. (2008) Use this format to cite the retracted article itself, for example, to discuss the contents of the retracted article. First provide …

These guidelines pertain to when you read a primary source and paraphrase it yourself. If you read a paraphrase of a primary source in a published work and want to cite that source, it is best to read …

In-text citations have two formats: parenthetical and narrative. In parenthetical citations, the author name and publication date appear in parentheses. In narrative citations, the author name is incorporated …